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westslope cutthroat trout
(詳細はcutthroat trout (''Oncorhynchus clarki'') and is a freshwater fish in the salmon family (family Salmonidae) of order Salmoniformes.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Montana Field Guide-Westslope Cutthroat )〕 The cutthroat is the Montana state fish.〔(1-1-507. State fish ), Montana Code, accessed 23 April 2009.〕 This subspecies is a ''species of concern'' in its Montana〔''Species of concern are native taxa that are at-risk due to declining population trends, threats to their habitats, restricted distribution, and/or other factors. Designation as a Montana species of concern or potential species of concern is based on the Montana Status Rank, and is not a statutory or regulatory classification. Rather, these designations provide information that helps resource managers make proactive decisions regarding species conservation and data collection priorities. See the latest species of concern reports for more detailed explanations and assessment criteria.'' (【引用サイトリンク】title=Montana Field Guide-Species of Concern )〕 and British Columbia〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Aquatic Species at Risk - The Westslope Cutthroat Trout (British Columbia Population) )〕 ranges and is considered ''threatened'' in its native range in Alberta.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Aquatic Species at Risk - The Westslope Cutthroat Trout (Alberta Population) )〕
==Taxonomy==
The scientific name of the westslope cutthroat trout is ''Oncorhynchus clarki lewisi''. The subspecies was first described in the journals of explorer William Clark from specimens obtained during the Lewis and Clark Expedition from the Missouri River near Great Falls, Montana. Cutthroat trout were given the name ''Salmo clarki'' in honor of William Clark, who co-led the expedition of 1804–1806. One of Lewis and Clark's missions was to describe the flora and fauna encountered during the expedition. The type specimen of ''S. clarki'' was described by naturalist John Richardson in 1836 from a tributary of the lower Columbia River, identified as the "Katpootl",〔 which was perhaps the Lewis River as there was a Multnomah village of similar name at the confluence. This type specimen was most likely the coastal cutthroat subspecies. In 1853, naturalist George Suckley while working for the Pacific Railroad Survey led by Isaac Stevens collected specimens of westslope cutthroat trout by fly fishing below the Great Falls on the Missouri River. In 1856, he described the trout as ''Salar lewisi'' to honor explorer Meriwether Lewis.〔 In David Starr Jordan and Barton Warren Evermann's ''A Check-list of the Fishes and Fishlike Vertebrates of North and Middle America'' (1896), the name ''Salmo mykiss lewisi'' was given to Yellowstone trout or cut-throat trout and included a reference to specimens collected from the Missouri River by George Suckley. In 1898, Jordan and Evermann changed the name of cutthroat trout to ''Salmo clarki''. ''Salmo clarki lewisi'' persisted as the subspecies name for both the Yellowstone cutthroat and westslope cutthroat trout until 1971 when fisheries biologist Robert J. Behnke gave the name ''Salmo clarki bouvieri'' to the Yellowstone cutthroat with ''Salmo clarki lewisi'' reserved for the westslope cutthroat trout.〔
In 1989, morphological and genetic studies indicated trout of the Pacific basin were genetically closer to Pacific salmon (''Oncorhynchus'' species) than to the ''Salmos''–brown trout (''S. trutta'') or Atlantic salmon (''S. salar'') of the Atlantic basin. Thus, in 1989, taxonomic authorities moved the rainbow, cutthroat and other Pacific basin trout into the genus ''Oncorhynchus''.
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